O healthcare [26,27]. Numerous research have identified and analyzed spatial disparities in access to healthcare by measuring spatial accessibility. As an example, Horner and Mascarenhas [28] analyzed a location-based spatial accessibility to identify regional disparities in access to dental services in the State of Ohio. The results revealed disparities in distribution of dental solutions. For lowering spatial disparity in access to healthcare, Jin et.al. [29] measured and analyzed the spatial accessibility to healthcare solutions using the travel time technique (i.e., drive time) to assess an inequality of spatial access to healthcare in Deqing County, China. Furthermore, Tseng and Wu [30] integrated spatial and nonspatial factors (i.e., socioeconomic status) to assess spatial disparities in access to community care sources for delivering a extensive consideration of equal allocation. The two-step floating catchment region (2SFCA) process is among the most current and common methods made use of to measure a spatial accessibility to healthcare. It really is thought of a particular case from the gravity model. At first, Radke and Mu [31] proposed the 2SFCA process within the form of a spatial deconstruction process, and then Luo and Wang [32,33] developed it to be an appropriate process for measuring the spatial accessibility, taking into consideration provide and demand together. Research have established that the 2SFCA method is much easier to use and may calculate scores of spatial accessibility when compared with the gravity model [18,346]. Subsequently, several improvements were made for the original 2SFCA technique to much Ritanserin MedChemExpress better handle the effect of distance decay inside the catchments of demand and provide (i.e., taking into consideration disparities in spatial accessibility inside catchments as a function of distance). Improvements have been started by Luo and Qi [37] who introduced the enhanced 2SFCA (E2SFCA), after which Dai and Wang [38] who supplied the kernelAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,three ofdensity 2SFCA (KD2SFCA), and so on [39]. Nevertheless, lots of studies have applied the 2SFCA method to measure the spatial accessibility to healthcare [22,36,403]. The geographical data systems (GIS) play a vital part in spatial decisionmaking associated to public health. Moreover, it could efficiently cope with healthcare planning issues by applying statistical and analytical methods. The GIS may be made use of to boost the outputs of measuring the spatial accessibility to healthcare. This might be performed making use of distinct GIS-based measures and models depending on spatial and nonspatial components to assess spatial inequalities, identify shortage regions of healthcare, and establish the optimal allocation of health resources [6,32,33,44] Even so, the GIS technology has been Sodium citrate dihydrate Inhibitor utilized in a lot of research concerned with measuring spatial accessibility to healthcare using the 2SFCA approach. For example, Wang and Luo [22] made use of the GIS technology to execute the 2SFCA process to measure spatial accessibility primarily based on travel time, which was calculated by developing the (O ) cost matrix in between the physician location along with the population location. Locations with poor accessibility to main healthcare had been defined by integrating spatial and nonspatial variables. In another example, [36] executed the 2SFCA process working with the GIS platform to recognize and analyze spatial disparities in access to healthcare in Alwar district of Rajasthan. The outcomes of study will assist choice makers strengthen the road network and allocate future healthcare centers inside the les.